Photovoltaic energy is the conversion of sunlight into electricity through a photo cell Vltatyk (pvs), which is commonly called a solar cell. Solar cell is a non-mechanical device usually made of alloyed silicon. Sunlight solar energy photons or particles made. This energy photons contain variable amounts of different wavelengths optical spectra are similar. When photons hit a Vltatyk photo cell, it may be reflected, pass straight through, or be absorbed. Only the absorbed photons provide energy to generate electricity, or enough energy When the sun is absorbed by the body semiconductor, electrons from the atoms of the object to be moved.
Certain behavior during the makes the front surface of the cell surface that will accept for more free electrons .bna these electrons naturally migrate to the surface.
When electrons and holes are leaving the position n The number of electrons is formed, each of which carry a negative charge and go to the front cell surface, resulting in a failure to balance the load between the rear surfaces of a front cell polarity voltage potential .shbyh battery positive and negative results.
When two surfaces of an internal road, the electricity flows.
Vltatyk photo-cell base building block is a pv system.
Individual cells can be used to measure the limits to cm10 cm 1 from one side to the other side is variable.
However, be 1 or 2 watts, which is enough energy to do more, that's not the boards to increase energy efficiency, cells are electrically connected to the indoor air is a hardware module.
Modules can be linked for forming an arrangement.
The term refers to power up the entire screen, although it made modulus than a bot or a few thousand, the number of required modules can be connected to the array size required (energy) form. Vltatyk run a photo makeup depends on the energy of the sun.
Weather conditions (such as cloud and fog) has an important impact on the solar energy received by an array pv. Instead, it is the executive technology. Most modules are about 10 percent efficient in converting photo Vltatyk Anrzhykhvrshyd be linked with further research for this work day to 20 percentage.
Pv cells bell was discovered in 1954 by Bell Telephone Research sensitivity to the sun, particularly a silicone water tested in the past. First in 1950, pvs were used to power satellites in space.
The success of commercial applications for the technology in space pvs pvs photosynthesis systems produced .sadhtryn energy Vltatyk a large number of small calculators and wrist watches that provide daily used.
More complex systems electricity to pump water, power communications devices, providing even provide electricity for our homes.
Photo Vltatyk become useful for several reasons Khvrshydbh light .tbdyl direct electricity, so systems do not need much volume manufacturer of mechanical energy .khsvsyt Photo Vltatyk modularity allows for quick makeup in any size required or allowed to be installed.
Also, the environmental impact is minimal Vltatyk a telephoto system, the system does not require water for cooking and ancillary product production CELLS Ftvvltatyk, such as batteries, direct current (dc) produce generally is used for small ways ( electronics) when the direct current Ftvvltatyk cells for commercial applications or solder used in electrical applications.
Electronic networks must alternating current (AC) for use converter turn, Inverter direct current to alternating current conversion tools that are there. PVS has historically been used to generate electricity in remote places. However, a market for the production and distribution of PVS may be irregularities with prices, conversion and distribution of electricity to be developed simultaneously with the disorder.
Zhnratvhay alternative small-scale numerical stacks in electrical power distribution system can improve credit economy.
Photovoltaic systems
The phenomenon of light without use of the driving mechanism, the phenomenon of photovoltaic generated electricity and to any system that used this phenomenon is called the photovoltaic system. Photovoltaic systems are one of the most frequently used renewable energy and has multiple systems with different capacities (5.0 kW to several MW) installation has been around the world and given the reliability and performance of these systems every day the number of applicants is added. The current and voltage in series and parallel solar cells can be used to obtain acceptable. The result is a set of cells in series and parallel Panel (Panel) photovoltaic say. Today, these cells are made of silicon and silicon generally required material is made from sand in the desert regions of the country, is abundant. So in terms of raw material in Iran, there is no shortage of these cells. PV systems can generally be divided into two main sections that briefly explain them.
1 - solar panels:
It actually converted solar energy into electrical energy without intermediate mechanical. This part of the system specification input control panel view available data rates in accordance with the design and consumer need to load or battery and controls the injection. It should be noted that the constituent elements according to the specifications and needs of the consumer and the electrical load and local weather conditions will be changed.
2 - consumer or charge:
According to the DC output of photovoltaic panels, the consumer can be two types of DC or AC, as well as photovoltaic panels with different arrangements may require different consumers with different powers provided. Due to increasing fossil fuel reserves and the risks of using nuclear power plants, there is a strong suspicion that in the not too distant future solar cells to power as a safe alternative to fossil fuels and nuclear power used by mankind.
Costs and photovoltaic applications
Space and energy consumption needed to send satellites.
Solar lighting:
borders are far from the electric grid, providing electricity to remote areas Wildlife and protected areas such as islands that have a military dimension.
A feeder system units:
All electric energy for home (urban and rural) and commercial centers can be controlled using photovoltaic panels and storage systems and relatively simple, provided.
Solar Pumping System:
Pumps photovoltaic system capable of extracting water from wells, canals, springs, rivers, etc .. are responsible for a variety of purposes.
Feeder stations and seismic communication system:
Most telecommunications or seismic stations in places where no network and Skhtgzr or high pressure to low pressure Establishment and supply of electrical power station and electrical protection is the economy had been installed.Calculator, clock radios, tape recorders and toys for children or any device that has a dry battery Mykrdhast Another application of the system.
For example, Japan in 1983, about 30 million solar calculator solar cells used in their production, which has an area of about 000/20 square meters and electric power of 500 kW respectively.
Photovoltaic power plants:
but the facility has been launched and cost of construction, installation and high maintenance cost, which currently is not economical.
Solar glaciers:
The solar refrigerators for the maintenance and health and nutritional services in remote areas and Skhtgzr used. The proper functioning of solar refrigerators has been somewhat during the last 5 years more than 10,000 solar refrigerators for healthcare applications has been launched across Africa.
Portable feeder system:
Portability and ease of installation of the advantages of the system power output of 100 watts or a kilowatt-defined systems. Including applications such as uninterruptible power supply in the event of unexpected events feeder system and a nomadic tent camps mentioned forest.